Ingot



. P. HAZELTINE.

maar; APPLICATION EILED MAR. 5. 1921.

EET i.

Patented May 23 HEETs-SH B.v P. HAZELTINE.

INGOT. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 192i.

Patented May 2.3, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. @E

B.IP. HAZELTINE.

NGOT.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 1921.

Patented. May 23, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

To all whom t may concern:

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` soA BENJAMIN gr. sanmartin, or

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in r1; 1NG,-wEsT momia.

meer.

Be i known that l, BENJAMIN P.'HAZEL TINE, a citizen of the United States, residing in Wheeling, in the county of Ohio and State of West Virginia, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in In` gots, of which the following is a specifica'y tion.

' My invention relates to the\manufacture of ingots of the class used in making seminished products, such yas blooms, billets, and slabs, and similar materials later rolled or forged into finished commercial products.

Heretofo're, in so far as-I am aware, large steel'ingots'of'the class to which my invention primarily relates, have-been cast with a flat or substantially flat end surface at 'the large or butt-endof the ingots, with the flat end surface extending in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal center of the in- When such ingots are later elongated and reduced in cross section by rolling or forging, the metal' at the corners formed by the intersection of 'the side surfaces of the ingot with each other and with'the at butt-end surface, is elongated more'than the metal at thef edges formed-by the. intersection of the sides withy the-flat end surface ofthe buttend of the ingot adjacent to the middle of the Width of the sides, and the metal adj acent to the ledges formed by the intersection o f the side surfaces and butt-end surface is elongated considerably more than the metal adjacent to the longitudinal center of the 1ngot.' i y The result is that the stresses set up in the rollingjoperations tear the metal and cause. ,the butt-end of the ingots to splitlength'- wlse, the lsplit ends .curving outwardly so as to hamperthe entrance ofthe metal by the rolls of the successive reducing passes and necessitating the splitiend portions to be material. l A

-One object of my invention 1s to provide amingot having a butt-end of'novel config-` uratif'm, whereby splitting ofthe ends during the rolling vor forging of the ingots is avoidedand overcome, the scrap loss is ma l -teriallyllessened andthe manufacturing cost' greatly reduced.

y Another objectgof the invention is the pro"- vision ofan in ot mold and mold stool of 'lnpvelconstruction whereby the casting-0f Speciication of Letters Patent.

the curved bottom.

raieii'ieii iiiiay as, ieee.. 1921. serial 110,449,759.

ingots forming part of thisinvention `is facilitated and made possible.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of ingot molds and coacting ingot moldstools provided with contiguous faces having novel constructions, arrangement and combination of parts shown in the vappended claims.

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation showing l a preferred form of ingot mold and ingot mold Stool as constructed in accordance with my invention, and adapted for use in making the ingot forming the novel feature of the invention. y

- Figure i is a side elevation'of the ingot mold of Figure 3 in a plane at right angles vto that of ure 3.

Figurev is a plan of the ingot mold stool the -sectional elevation of Figof Figurev 3.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the'mold stool of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation showing a modified form. of ingot mold stool, andthe lower end of la modifiedingot mold constructed in accordance with this invention. l. l M

Figure 8 is a plan of the ingot mold. stool 'shown in Figure 7; metal in the butt-'end of the ingot by the Figure 9 is a sildeelevation showing the lower end of the ingotmold of Figure 7 y Figure 10 is a fragmentary View, taken at one corner of the ingot` of Figure 1, showing Figure 11 is a view on the line KIQ-Xl ,of Figure 1. cropped or cut ,off andvdiscarded aswaste y .Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15,'fare views, respectively, taken on the lines XIF-XH.,

Xin-Xin, xiv-Xiu; andv Xv-Xv of Figure l.

Figure 16 is 'a sideelevation showing an ingot adapted to be rolled in'to slabs embodying` my'invention.

igure l.17 1s a side eleva'tion in a plane at right angles to that oftheelevation of-Figl ure 16.

Figure 18 is a bottom plan'of the ingot of 'Figure 19 is a sectional elevation, showing an ingot mold and ingot mold stool constructed in accordance with my invention and adapted for use in making the ingot of Figures '16 and 17.

Figure 20 is a fragmentary side elevation of the ingot mold of Figure 19.

In the drawings, two forms of ingots employing my invention are shown. The ingot illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and 10 to 15 is of square cross section, being primarily intended for use in' making blooms and billets and similar products, and the other form shown in Figures 16, 17 and 18, which is of rectangular cross section, being particularly applicable for use in making slabs and other products of a width considerably greater than the thickness thereof.

Both ingots have flat, or substantially Hat sides, with the surface of the butt-end of the ingot of curved configuration, and both of the ingots tapering inwardly lengthwise from the butt-end toward the upper end thereof.

The upper end of the ingot may be flat with'the end surface extending in a plane substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the ingot, or may be made in a 'mold with the upper end of the ingot chamfered off in a manner as shown in F igure 1, or the ingot may have a neck 4 of reduced cross section formed in a manner illustrated in Figures 16 to 1b.

In Figures 1 and 2, and 10 to 15 of the drawings, ingots A embodying my invention are shown, the ingots bein rectangular in cross section, and having Hat side surfaces 2 with the sides of the ingots tapering from the base or butt-end 3 to the smaller upper end 4 thereof, in the usual well known manner.

The butt-end or basel 3 lof my improved ingot is rounded off so as to have a lcurved surface instead of a flat surface extending 1n a plane at right angles to its longitudinal axis, as in the ordinary ingot. I have discovered that when the surface of the buttend of ingots are curved so as to provide what is in effect a substantial protuberance thereof, the usual lengthwise splitting of the ingot when the ingots are reduced in cross section and elongated by rolling or forging, as is done in forming the ingots into blooms, billets, slabs and semi-finished products, iseliminated. The result is that a larger percentage of the metal in the buttend of rolled ingots will be solid, so that the amount of rolled metal necessary to discard as,scissel will be considerably less than in the case of ingots having the usual flat butt-end.

In casting the ingots of my improved design, a mold stool B is employed, having a curved depression in its upper surface. In the stool B shown in Figures 3, 5 and'G, the depression 5 is shown, although this depression may also be formed as shown in the stools B of Figures Tand 8. I have found in practice, however, that in order to provide a suHicient protuberance on the bottom or butt-end of an ingot to prevent splitting, a small radius is necessary, which necessitated the cuttingof the stool to'form a curved depression on the line of a small radius arc. However, this style of design of stool left an extremely acute angle on the bot'tom of the mold `walls which is undesirable. Therefore, a double radius is adopted and the outer portion of the stool is cut on the arc of a large radius, whilea centeris cut on the arc of a small radius.

The result of this formation is that the protuberance or curved butt-end of the ingot has a double curved surface, the outer portion X having a larger radius than the centerv portion Y.

The mold stool of Figures 3, 5, and 6 has an outwardly extending lug 6 on each of its four sides with the contiguous faces 'K of the lugs curved and tapering in order to center the mold when positioning it on the stool for pouring. The stool also has the usual projection 8 on its bottom surface by which it is located and held on a mold car (not shown) on which the molds are mounted when ingots are being poured.

The ingot mold C is made with its upper end constructed to form a closed topwmold, a cap generally being used with such molds, or the mold may have an open end of the usual construction. 4Lifting lugs 9 and'ears 10 will be provided forhandling the mold as shown, or in any other approved manner.

In order to avoid the formation of acute angles 'on the bottom surfaces of the mold,

they preferably will be constructed in the manner shown in Figures`3 and 4, being formed with thelower end surfaces 11 extending at right angles to the longitudinal center of the mold in one plane, and being curved transversely in the opposite plane.

IVhen desired, the end of the mold may be formed truly hemispherical, in such case a mold stool B', like that shown in Figures 7 and 8 is employed. In such stools the bottom of the cavity or depression in the upper surface of the stool is truly hemispherical on a line with a single arc, and the stool has marginal flanges 12 on its upper surfaces which intersect with and extend upwardly above the curved bottom 5 of the cavity in the,upper face of the stool as is shown in Figure 7 Y The ingot of Figures 16 to 18 is rectangular in cross section and has flat side surfaces 2a, and the butt-'end of the ingot 3a vis curved from one side to theother, the

curve being in effect the segment of a cylinder and the curved vsurface extending from one side surface to the other.

Q This particular shaped ingot 1s for use in making slabs l and other products of a width considerably lso greater than vtheir thickness.

In Figure 19 a mold for making this other form of ingot is shown. The mold body C is generally the same as that before described for making the first foim of ingot, but has a greater width than thickness, and has its bottom end rounded or curved to approximate the segment of a cylinder as at a. The stool B is cut out on aline with the curve of the bottom of the mold C and is otherwise similar in construction to the form of stool shown in Figure 7, having a marginal flange 12 and the usual projection 8 for locating andholding it in the mold car not shown.

In casting the ingots, the stools B are positioned on the mold cars and the ingot molds C are placed on the stools in the usual and well known manner. The steel is poured into its upper end until thel mold is entirely filled.

After the ingots are cast the mold cars are transferred to an ingot stripper and the mold is lifted from the ingot in the ,usual way, the ingots. then being transferred to thesoaking pit for the rolling operation.

After being reheated, the ingots may be rolled or forged in any desired manner so as to reduce the cross sectional area of the ingots and form a product having the desired transverse dimensions, the length of the rolled ingot, of course, depending upon the amount of reduction in the cross sec tional area of the cast ingot in the rolling operations.

It is found that when the base or butt-end of the ingots are formed with a rounded orsubstantial hemispherical end in the manner which has been described, that instead of the butt-end of the ingots splitting lengthwise for some distance a substantially solid end will be obtained on the rolled'product which, when cropped, will be free of holes so that the amount of metal necessary to cut off and discard from the base or butt-end of the ingot is materially lessened and the scrap loss considerablyreduced.

The advantages of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The

result from` the absence of splitting of the the butt-end of the ingots and in the molds and stools used in casting the ingots may be made without departing from my invention as defined in the appended claims. f

I claim l. As a new article of manufacture, an ingot of rectangular cross section, having lengthwise tapering sides and having a rounded surface on the base or butt end thereof, said rounded surface having an unequal curvature of two radii.

2. In the manufacture of ingots, the combination with an ingot mold having an open lower end and having a cavity of rectangular cross section, and upwardly converging sides, of a mold stool supporting the mold, said stool having a cavity in its upper face, said cavity being curved on two unequal radii, substantially as described.

3. In the manufacture of ingots, the combination with an ingot mold having an open lower end and having a cavity of rectangular cross section, and the lower end of said mold being cut away to form a true hemispherical surface, of a mold stool supporting said mold, said stoo-l having a hemispherlcal depressionin which*said mold is seated, and a marginal flange intersecting with and extending above the bottom of said depres sion to prevent accidental displacement of said mold.

4. In the manufacture of ingots, the com` marginal flange extending upwardly above the bottom of said depression, of a mold having an open lower end and having a cavity of rectangular cross section, said mold having its lower end cut away and curved to snugly fit onthe bottom of said curved depression in said stool.

In testimony whereof I'have hereunto set my hand.

\ BENJAMIN P. HAZELTINE. 

